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Nervous
system diseases
Part One: Neuronal degeneration
Etiology
and pathology:
The etiology of the disease is still unclear. Modern medicine considers the
disease is caused by the deficiency of some hemogenic factor and vitamin induced
neuratrophy. Recently, some progress has been made in the pathogenesis. It has
been observed in some patients that the disease can be caused by the disturbance
of genetic immunization and infection secondary to inflammation. It is reported
that the disease is associated with heavy metals, chemical poisoning and the
surrounding environment. The main pathological changes include the loss of
anterior horn cells in spinal cord and motor nuclei in the lower brainstem. The
disease can be defined as a group of progressively degenerative disease with
unknown etiology, characterized by selectively affecting locomotor system or a
part of it. In early stage, the function of vegetative nerve in the lateral
angle of spinal cord is mainly affected, and anterior and posterior angles can
be affected subsequently with the development of the disease. The peripheral
nerves can be involved occasionally. Clinically, the main manifestations include
pyramidal tract damage and deep sensory impairment, often together with
pernicious anemia. The affected patients may display such characteristics as
slow onset, progressive development, pallor, lassitude and anemia in early
stage, and dyspepsia.
The clinical manifestations of
neuronal damage include unilateral or bilateral hand weakness with obvious
jitters, atrophy in muscles
of thenar and hypothenar, upper extremity and scapular muscle atrophy, difficulties in lifting
hand, disability of combing the hair, spastic paralysis of lower extremity,
walking slowly and scissors gait. Besides, affected patients may show
hoarseness, muscle atrophy, unclear speaking, dysphagia, salivation, choking
when eating or drinking, dyspnea and difficulty in expectorating sputum. And
these manifestations can be mixed during the late stage. Early clinical
manifestation is paresthesia of extremities gradually involving two lower limbs,
followed by weakness and unsteady gait, clumsy movements, pectoral and abdominal
zonesthesia. Patients with damage to dorsal and lateral funiculus of spinal cord
can display upper motor neuron paralysis of lower limbs, increased muscle tone,
tendon hyperreflexia, positive pathologic reflex, sensory disability (decreased
or disappeared joint position sense and tuning fork vibration sense below the
injured level), sensory ataxia, and urinary and defecation dysfunction.
In traditional Chinese
medicine, these disorders are called wilt disease, or called body falling when
paralysis occurs, which is mainly caused by insufficient congenital Yin,
acquired nutritional imbalance for muscles and tendons, deficiency of vital
energy and hemophthisis in entrails, and poor systemic circulation.
Part
Two: Spinal demyelination--Guillain-Barre syndrome
The etiology of demyelinating
diseases is still unclear. In clinical practice, the common types include optic
neuromyelitis, multiple sclerosis and acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis. In
more severe cases, anterior horn cells in spinal cord, brainstem nuclei and
pyramidal cells in the motor cortex can be affected, which can threaten
patient’s life. The disease is associated with the disturbance of genetic
immunization or virus infection in most patients. Hormone and nutrient therapies
are mainly adopted for early treatment, but the effect is difficult to
consolidate. The disease can cause acute and chronic edema in spinal cord which
leads to nerve palsy induced by amyelination, and even secondary axonal injury.
All these can further aggravate neurological symptoms and lead to a poor
efficacy.
Treatment:
So far there are no specific drugs for the disease. It is not difficult to find
the majority of patients in the early stage, as long as careful examine is
performed. There are about 10,000 people who die of this disease each year. The
average life of patients is 5~7 years after the onset, with the shortest of less
than a year. However, some patients even can survive for more than 30 years
after aggressive treatment. If the disease can not be controlled, the recurrence
will further deteriorate the condition and shorten the time to death, thus every
effort should be made. At present, the treatments for nervous system disease
include hormone therapy and nutritional support, but there are more side effects
and the disease may easily recur after the withdrawal. In some patients, these
treatments can effectively control the disease, but there is a lack of drugs
that can directly excite the nerve. During the recovery period of the disease,
hormone-dependent method should be used for a long time. But long-term hormone
use may affect the human body seriously and lead to organ failure and other
diseases.
Therapeutic regimen
The
disease should be treated as early as possible. Combined treatments can control
the development of disease and make patients recover.
1.
The lower immunity is due to impaired vegetative nerve function. Virus infection
or inflammation attacks can induce the recurrence. Thus, treatment and
medication should be adopted based on the change of disease to enhance immune
function and improve the resistance to disease.
2.
Neurotrophy support therapy can dilute central microcirculation and increase
blood supply to provide the residual nerves with adequate blood supply and
prevent the development of disease (natural hormone replacement therapy is
available to treat demyelinating diseases, with no toxicity and side effects).
3.
“Spinal Nerve Regeneration Dan” can activate paralytic and shocked nerve
cells to compensate necrotic ones, which may enhance impulse conduction between
nerve cells and regain various functions.
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